WHITE PAPERS & ARTICLES

 

Articles
  

 


Clinical Papers


American Heart Association, Cardiovascular Disease Statistics (2010)
 

ACC/AHA Complete 2006 P.A.D .Guidlines
The complete 2006 guidelines. The full guidelines include the disorders of the abdominal aorta, renal and mesenteric arteries and lower extremity arteries.

Beckman, Automated Oscillometric ABI for office practice

This article explores the accuracy of determining the ABI through oscillometry. Findings show automated oscillometry to be a reliable and easier method of ABI measurement, and provides accuracy necessary for office practice.  
 

Beckman, Response to Letter Regarding Article, "The United States Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement on Screening for Peripheral Arterial Disease: More Harm Than Benefit?" (2007)

Belch, J.R., Call to Action Arch Intern Med (2003)

This article aims to increase awareness, detection, and treatments rates of P.A.D. It also discusses the interrelationship between P.A.D. and the risk of ischemic events.

 

CDC. National diabetes fact sheet (2003)
General information and national estimates on diabetes in the United States, 2003.

Criqui, Progression of Peripheral Arterial Disease Predicts Cardiovascular Disease Morbidity and Mortality (2008)

The purpose of this study was to examine the association of progressive versus stable peripheral arterial disease (P.A.D.) with the risk of future cardiovascular disease (CVD) events.

 

Criqui, Peripheral arterial disease - epidemiological aspects. Vascular Medicine (2001)
P.A.D. is under-recognized and undertreated, even though it should be regarded as a severe disease leading to significant death and disability from stroke and myocardial infarction (MI). Thus, accurate diagnosis of P.A.D. could provide an early indication of the need for intervention and help prevent future morbidity and mortality.


Criqui, Denenberg, The generalized nature of atherosclerosis: how peripheral arterial disease may predict adverse events from coronary artery disease (1998)

A San Diego population study found that the incidence of P.A.D. may be underestimated, with many patients being asymptomatic. Morbidity from both coronary heart disease and stroke was increased in people with P.A.D., who were 2.5 times more likely to present with morbidity from cardiovascular disease (CVD) than those who did not have P.A.D.

 

Criqui, et al. Mortality over a period of 10 years in patients with Peripheral Arterial Disease. New England Journal of Medicine (1992)
Patients with large-vessel Peripheral Arterial Disease are found to have a high risk of death from cardiovascular cuases.

 

Criqui, The sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value of traditional clinical evaluation of peripheral arterial disease: results from noninvasive testing in a defined population (1985)

In a companion article we have reported the prevalence, in an older, defined population, of traditional assessments (intermittant claudication and abnormal pulse examination) of peripheral arterial disease (P.A.D.) as compared with the results of highly accurate noninvasive testing.
 

Gijs, Long-Term Prognosis of Patients With Peripheral Arterial Disease: A Comparison in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease (2008)

This study was designed to compare the long-term outcomes of patients with Peripheral Arterial Disease (P.A.D.) with a risk factor matched population of coronary artery disease (CAD) patients, but without P.A.D.

 

Golomb, P.A.D. - Morbidity and Mortality Implications

This article explains the truth that P.A.D. is a strongly age-dependent condition that contributes significantly to morbidity and health care expenditures in the elderly. It also discusses the evidence relating P.A.D. to prevalent and incident cardiac and cerebrovascular disease.

Hirsch, A.T., P.eripheral Arterial Disease, Awareness, and Treatm Detection in Primary Care JAMA (PARTNERS) (2001)

This article focuses on low patient awareness of P.A.D., and the lack of national effort in the U.S. to detect P.A.D. in community based office practice. 
 

Hirsch, A.T. American Heart Association, Circulation, Gaps in Public Knowledge of Peripheral Arterial Disease: The First National P.A.D. Public Awareness Survey (2007)

The public is poorly informed about P.A.D., with major knowledge gaps regarding the definition of P.A.D., risk factors that lead to P.A.D., and associated limb symptoms and amputation risk. The public is not aware that P.A.D. imposes a high short-term risk of heart attack, stroke, and death. For the national cardiovascular disease burden to be reduced, public PAD knowledge could be improved by national P.A.D. public education programs designed to reduce critical knowledge gaps.
 

Hughes, Sue. Fast Decline in Functional Tests Predicts P.A.D. Outcomes (2011)
Decline in functional performance over two years predicted greater longer-term mobility loss and mortality in people with peripheral arterial disease (PAD), a new study shows.
 

Kupinski, Segmental Pressure Measurement and Plethysmography (2002)

This article discusses the anatomic details pertaining to the level of disease that can be interpreted from pressure measurements and waveforms. It is primarily used as a screening tool to access patients with P.A.D., and test results determine if the patient is a candidate for further testing.

Jaff, Michael, PVD Diagnosis

This reviews the testing methods and diagnostic algorithims that are successful to patient management and will promote improved outcomes through better patient selection. It also explains that more sophisticated imaging studies will allow the cardiovascular specialist to make appropriate decisions about management options.

Mohler P.A.D. Article

This article explains the identification and implications of P.A.D., including it's strong connection to atherosclerosis, and coronary artery disease. Although physician awareness of P.A.D. diagnosis is low.

 

Ogden, et al. JAMA. Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity in the United States, 1999-2004
This article provides prevalence estimates of overweight and obesity based on national measurements of weight and height in 2003-2004 and compares these estimates with estimates from 1999- 2000 and 2001-2002 to determine if the trend is continuing.
 

Salles-Cunha, Relationship Between Pressure and Flow in the Arterial System of the Lower Extremity: A Discussion of Current Paradigms and Novel Concepts, The Journal of Vascular Technology, 2002

 

Clinical Papers (CVI)
 

ABC of Arterial and Venous Disease

This article explains the non-invasive methods of arterial and venous assessment, and its significant increase over the years due to technological advances in ultrasonography.

Chronic Venous Insufficiency - Eberhardt - AHA (2005)

This article focuses on CVI being overlooked by primary and cardiovascular care providers due to an under appreciation of the magnitude and impact of the problem. It also reviews the clinical aspects of CVI with a focus on the diagnostic and therapeutic options.

Investigation of CVI - Circulation AHA

This article provides and up-to-date account of the various methods available for the diagnosis of CVI in the lower extremities, with an outline of their history, usefulness, and limitations.

PPG Clinical Phys. Measurement...

This article explores Photoplethysmography (PPG) as a simple and low cost optical technique that can be used to detect blood volume changes in the microvascular bed of tissue; often used non-invasively to make measurements at the skin surface.

The Economics of Vein Disease

This article focuses on the business aspects of a cosmetic vein practice, with particular attention to the uniqueness of these issues. It also discusses the management of patient expectations being critical to the success of a cosmetic vein practice.